New results on the mid-latitude midnight temperature maximum

PCA and vTEC climatology at midnight over mid-latitude regions

The effect of the thermospheric vertical neutral wind on vertical total electron content (vTEC) variations including longitudinal anomaly, remaining winter anomaly, mid-latitude summer night anomaly, and semiannual anomaly is studied at mid-latitude regions around zero magnetic declination at midnight during high solar activity. By using the principal component analysis (PCA) numerical techniqu...

Midnight temperature maximum (MTM) in Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) simulations

[1] Discovered almost four decades ago, the midnight temperature maximum (MTM) with typical magnitudes of 50–100 K has been regularly observed by satellite and ground-based instruments in the tropical upper thermosphere. Although several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the phenomenon, previous attempts to reproduce it with comprehensive thermosphere-ionosphere models have been unsucce...

The midnight temperature maximum from Arecibo incoherent scatter radar ion temperature measurements

The midnight temperature maximum (MTM) is studied using ion temperature data from the incoherent scatter radar at the Arecibo Observatory (18.31N, 66.21W). The MTM is characterized by fitting the radar data with a function that takes into account diurnal, semidiurnal and terdiurnal components. Under the hypothesis that the MTM is related to the amplification of the terdiurnal wave, a Gaussian a...

Degradation of Mid-latitude Craters on Mars

Stability of Mid - latitude snowpacks on Mars

Synopsis: Mid-latitude snowpacks on Mars have been postulated to exist by Christensen [1], who also suggests that runoff from melting snowpacks on slopes might be responsible for carving gullies, and suggests that such snowpacks may currently exist on the walls of Dao Valles (approx. -33.0 lat.). The snowpacks were presumably formed during the last obliquity cycle, about 74,500 years ago. In th...